Most elderly people don’t need vitamins and supplements — scientists’ review

Researchers analyzed large clinical trials and meta-analyses. The conclusion: for most healthy older adults who eat a relatively varied diet, taking standard multivitamins does not lead to a significant reduction in disease risk, improvement in cognitive function, or increased life expectancy.

Only a few targeted supplements demonstrated real benefits:

• Vitamin D — in cases of confirmed deficiency or high fracture risk;
• Vitamin B12 — especially for those taking metformin or having stomach problems;
• Adequate protein intake — to preserve muscle mass.

The authors emphasize that uncontrolled supplement use may be not only useless but also harmful — especially at high doses. The best strategy is to undergo testing, identify real deficiencies, and adjust one’s diet accordingly.

“For most older adults, focusing on proper nutrition, physical activity, and sleep is far more beneficial than taking handfuls of pills,” the researchers note.

Sources:

• Miguel G. Borda, George E. Barreto. Vitamin and mineral supplementation in older adults: an evidence-based approach. The Conversation / related review, 2026.
• Press release and ScienceDaily (June 6, 2026).